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Migration Example ​

If you've not used Sequel before, this recipe will show you the basics of creating migrations, which are how the database schema is managed in Brut.

Feature ​

  • An accounts table will store an email and a deactivated date
  • A blog posts table will store a title and content, and be attributed to an account.

Recipe ​

We'll create the migration, create data models, create and lint factories, then create seed data.

Create the Migration ​

Create the migration file with bin/db new_migration:

> bin/db new_migration Accounts and Blog Posts
[ bin/db ] Migration created:
   app/src/back_end/data_models/migrations/20250711215310_Accounts-and-Blog-Posts.rb

NOTE

Your filename will be different, since it embeds a timestamp for when bin/db new_migration was run.

Now, use Sequel's migrations API, keeping in mind Brut's augmentations, to create our tables.

Our tables will use an external ids. Note that Brut will ensure both tables have primary keys and have created_at fields.

ruby
# app/src/back_end/data_models/migrations/20250711215310_Accounts-and-Blog-Posts.rb
Sequel.migration do
  up do
    create_table :accounts,
                  comment: "People or systems who can access this system",
                  external_id: true do

      column :email,          :text, unique: true
      column :deactivated_at, :timestamptz, null: true

    end
    
    create_table :blog_posts,
                  comment: "Posts on our amazing blog",
                  external_id: true do

      column :title, :text
      column :content, :text

      foreign_key :account_id, :accounts
    end
  end
end

You can apply this migration with bin/db migrate:

bin/db migrate

IMPORTANT

This only applied migrations to the dev database. bin/ci and bin/test e2e will apply them to the test database, but you may need to do it yourself via bin/db migration -e test

NOTE

There is no down migration. If you need to change and re-apply this before you have promoted it to production, rebuild your dev database with bin/db rebuild. It will apply all migrations from a fresh, empty database.

You can examine the tables with psql, via bin/dbconsole:

> bin/dbconsole
development=# \d accounts
                                       Table "public.accounts"
     Column     |           Type           | Collation | Nullable |             Default              
----------------+--------------------------+-----------+----------+----------------------------------
 id             | integer                  |           | not null | generated by default as identity
 email          | text                     |           | not null | 
 deactivated_at | timestamp with time zone |           |          | 
 created_at     | timestamp with time zone |           | not null | 
 external_id    | citext                   |           | not null | 
Indexes:
    "accounts_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
    "accounts_email_key" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (email)
    "accounts_external_id_key" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (external_id)
Referenced by:
    TABLE "blog_posts" CONSTRAINT "blog_posts_account_id_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (account_id) REFERENCES accounts(id)

development=# \d blog_posts
                                    Table "public.blog_posts"
   Column    |           Type           | Collation | Nullable |             Default              
-------------+--------------------------+-----------+----------+----------------------------------
 id          | integer                  |           | not null | generated by default as identity
 title       | text                     |           | not null | 
 content     | text                     |           | not null | 
 account_id  | integer                  |           | not null | 
 created_at  | timestamp with time zone |           | not null | 
 external_id | citext                   |           | not null | 
Indexes:
    "blog_posts_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
    "blog_posts_account_id_index" btree (account_id)
    "blog_posts_external_id_key" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (external_id)
Foreign-key constraints:
    "blog_posts_account_id_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (account_id) REFERENCES accounts(id)

Note that all columns are NOT NULL except deactivated_at, which we explicitly set as nullable. Note that the foreign key on account_id has an index and is non-nullable. And note that both tables have external_id and created_at columns. Brut will manage their contents.

Create Data Models ​

Brut doesn't create your data models for you, since it assumes you prefer writing code in your editor and not on the command line. Your data models will initially be pretty short.

ruby
# app/src/back_end/data_models/db/account.rb
class DB::Account < AppDataModel
  has_external_id :ac
  one_to_many :blog_posts
end

# app/src/back_end/data_models/db/blog_post.rb
class DB::BlogPost < AppDataModel
  many_to_one :account
end

You can run bin/console to try to test these, but it's easier to create factories and use the specs/lint_factories.spec.rb to do that for us.

Create Factories ​

Factories go in specs/factories/db and have a .factory.db suffix:

ruby
# specs/factories/db/account.factory.rb
FactoryBot.define do
  factory :account, class: "DB::Account" do
    email         { Faker::Internet.unique.email }

    trait :inactive do
      deactivated_at { Time.now }
    end
  end
end

# specs/factories/db/blog_post.factory.rb
FactoryBot.define do
  factory :blog_post, class: "DB::BlogPost" do
    title { Faker::Lorem.sentence }
    content { Faker::Lorem.paragraphs.join("\n\n") }

    account
  end
end

Note that the blog post factory creates an account. This is so that create(:blog_post) will always succeeed in creating valid data.

To prove it, we'll lint our factories:

bin/test run specs/lint_factories.spec.rb

This will create every combination of every factory and fail if doing so raises an error.

Create Seed Data ​

Now, we'll set up seed data. mkbrut should've created app/src/back_end/data_models/seed/seed_data.rb, so we'll use that.

ruby
require "brut/back_end/seed_data"
class SeedData < Brut::BackEnd::SeedData
  include FactoryBot::Syntax::Methods
  def seed!
    pat   = create(:account,            email: "pat@example.com")
    chris = create(:account, :inactive, email: "chris@example.com")

    5.times do
      create(:blog_post, account: pat)
      create(:blog_post, account: chris)
    end
  end
end

We can apply this with bin/db seed:

bin/db seed

IMPORTANT

bin/db rebuild will not apply seed data, however bin/setup should. For now, if you want to totally reset your database, you will need to do bin/db rebuild && bin/db seed && bin/db rebuild -e test